Uso de sistemas especialistas para tomada de decisão em enfermagem: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

The insertion of the Information and Communication Technologies in nursing practice has caused changes not only in the registry, but also in the work and in the relationship between the nurse and the patient, in the context of the practice and in the communication with the families. Using these technologies, nurse specialist systems are created, highlighting their use to aid nurses' decision making. Objective: to investigate how expert systems contribute to decision making in nursing. Methodology: this is an integrative review of the literature. Data collection was performed in July and August of 2017, using the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Elsevier Ltd (Scopus) and Latin- American and Caribbean Health Sciences (Lilacs). Original articles were included in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published in the last five years. And excluded studies that did not meet the objectives of this review. The obtained data were presented in tables and discussed according to available literature on the subject. Results: six articles were used, the most representative being 'doctorate', the majority of the Brazilian publications are concentrated in the Southeast region. After a careful reading through the articles selected for the research, two categories were listed, being: execution of the nursing process in the construction of the expert systems and potentialities of the expert systems in the decision making in nursing. It is observed that most of the expert systems created have their functioning based on the steps of the nursing process, some with data collection functions until the evaluation and others until the pipeline planning phase. Regarding the potentialities of its use, features such as patient safety should be highlighted, as a result of having in its system a knowledge inserted by specialists in a given area, thus supplying the lack of specialists in certain clinical care, promoting a greater base in the decision-making of the professional and preservation of the patients' health. The aid was also observed through the inclusion of histories and evaluation of patients, thus avoiding errors in forgetting the necessary information. Conclusion: the present study observed that the expert systems contribute satisfactorily to the professional nurse in supporting decision making, promoting greater patient safety with the way that the systems present forms of planning and interventions and perform evaluations, thus contributing in a improvement in the quality of clinical care provided.