Infecção pelo zika vírus: analisando o conhecimento de gestantes.

Abstract

Gestation is a unique moment for every woman, but it is a complex event full of specificities. Due to the complexity of a gestation, it is important to highlight that communicable diseases are just one kind of the main diseases that can affect the health of the mother-baby binomial, being emphasized in this study the Zika Virus, since this is one of the main causes of microcephaly as well as of several other damages to the health of newborns. Given this premise, it was aimed to analyze the knowledge of pregnant women in the municipality of Cuité/PB about the ZIKV infection. This is an exploratory-descriptive study under the perspective of a qualitative approach, developed in Basic Units of Family Health in the urban area of Cuité/PB. The study sample consisted of eight (08) pregnant women who were indexed in these Units. The collection took place between November and December of 2017. According to the sociodemographic data it is evident that the majority of pregnant women have an age range between nineteen and thirty-seven years old, live in an unofficial relationship and haven’t finished college. Regarding the obstetric data, half of the pregnant women are not primiparous; the other half being nulliparous, not having an abortion, and presenting previous cesarean deliveries. For the analysis of the speeches obtained, using the technique of Content Analysis, proposed by Bardin, this paper central thematic was named as Common sense of the pregnant women about the Zika Virus. Three categories were created: Influence of media as disseminators of knowledge; Zika Virus or Aedes aegypti? Here it is the issue for prevention; Consequences of the Zika Virus for the life of mother-baby binomial. Regarding the first category, it was visualized that all the interviewees reported having heard about ZIKV by some type of media, with emphasis on television, radio and the internet. Regarding the second category, it was seen that all pregnant women associated ZIKV with the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is a positive fact, since it is the transmitter of the disease, allowing the expansion of knowledge about its prevention. However, as emphasized by pregnant women, the prevention is restricted to vector control, a negative aspect, since there are other ways to prevent the disease. As to the third category, it was noticed that microcephaly was mentioned by most of the collaborators as the main consequence, with no mention of other types of sequels for the baby’s life. As for the implications to the mother's life, most of the pregnant women did not know what to do, only one mentioned the symptoms. Thinking about the findings, it is evident that pregnant women know very little about the subject, being a risk factor for the disease’s development. Therefore, educational activities need to be put into practice. In the context of primary health care, nurses have the possibility of being protagonists through health education, actions of ZIKV prevention, given their personal contact with the population, in this case, pregnant women.