Refugiado: que lugar de sujeito é esse? análise do discurso de e sobre refugiados no Brasil.

Abstract

Based on the understanding that the refuge is a global and complex problem, one of the countries that has reached record shelter requests is Brazil, and several discourses affect the construction of the discursive place of the refugee subject, in this dissertation, it is sought to understand how this place is constituted, from the legal discourse (DJ), the media discourse (DM) and also the discourse of the refugee subject (DR). Based on the theoretical-methodological framework of the Discourse Analysis by Michel Pêcheux, our research is guided by the central concepts of discourse, discursive formation and discursive place (PÊCHEUX, 1995, GRIGOLETO, 2007). Specifically, we aim to: characterize the emergence and displacement of the discursive place of the refugee in the DJ dominant in Brazil from the military dictatorship to the present day; to analyze how the different narrativities of DM on the internet affect the discursive place of the refugee subject in Brazil; and understand the discursive place of the refugee from the senses that they attribute to their condition. The corpus worked in the research is nature of archive about the DJ and the DM, and it is experimental about DR. In the case of the DJ and DM, we consider as units of analysis discursive sequences (sds) selected from four national laws that are directly or indirectly approach the refuge, as well as postings carried in portals of the traditional media and the alternative between 2017 and 2018, as they are years of increasing refugee entry into Brazil and the first in which the new Migration Law is in force. In the experimental corpus, we analyzed sds of interviews carried out with two families of refugees living in João Pessoa, Paraíba, one being Pakistani and one Venezuelan. The results of the analysis show that, in the legal corpus, the discursive place of the refugee subject in Brazil is initially constituted, in the period of the Military Dictatorship, with the Foreign Statute, as a (im)possible place, that remained in the beginning of the redemocratization with the Federal Constitution. Legally, the refugee will have a place of his own in Brazil only in 1997, with the Refugee Statute, and later, an enlarged place, starting in 2017, with the approval of the Migration Law. With regard to the media corpus, in the discourse os the traditional media, the discursive place of the refugee is constituted mainly from narrativities that inscribe it in places of social threat, even when the guidelines will deal with aspects of the vulnerability of this subject or on statistics of the migratory phenomenon; Already in the discourse of the alternative media, the discursive place in question refers to the senses that point to a place of vulnerability and promotion of cultural exchanges for the refugee, being linked to the defense of the human rights of this subject. About the two families of refugees interviewed, both are grateful to be sheltered in Brazil, and in the inter-place identitary, social and geographic they are, they suggest a self-representation of vulnerability, which they hope to overcome by projecting dreams of to build a future in Brazilian lands, finally, reaching a place for them here, without a return to their countries of origin. From these data, it can be concluded that the discursive place of the refugee subject is surrounded by tensions and constructed by receiving discourses elaborated with different points of view, that are confronted and merged in a heterogeneous and complex place, where this refugee can and must establish themselves in their citizenship.