Análise da presença e estadiamento da Lesão por Pressão em pacientes hospitalizados e a relação com seus respectivos achados laboratoriais.

Abstract

The long stay in hospitals had several complications over time, being Pressure Injury (LP) one of the most common. Reduce for hospitalization in inpatients worldwide, book a pathway for an infection and complicate a recovery, in addition to significantly increase length of stay, delay hospital discharge and contribute to morbidity and mortality and a high cost of treatment. In view of this, this study aimed to relate to the prevalence of hospitalized patients, with the involvement of their laboratories, and also to investigate the influence of nutritional status as a risk factor for the development of the disease. This is a documentary retrospective study, with an analytical observational profile, with a quantitative character and a transversal follow-up. It was developed at the "Senador Rui Carneiro" Regional Hospital in the city of Pombal, Paraíba. The research was performed by the analysis of clinical patients of hospitalized patients throughout the year 2017, at least once during their hospital stay. An incidence of 9.8% of LPs without hospital was observed throughout the year, characterizing, as a number to be considered, as it is a classification as avoidable, in most cases, and yet, knowing the existence of underreporting of cases, as it is considered a medical malpractice problem. It was found a relation of the prescription with the laboratory exams, where 77.6% and 67.1% of the patients presented hemoglobin and hematocrit below the reference value, respectively, suggesting an important prevalence of anemia, that pulmonary diseases, infectious diseases and neuropathies, are characterized as pathologies that occur the highest frequency of LPs. Albumin was another widely affected parameter, found in 80% of the patients below the reference value, and may be indicative of malnutrition, constituting one more risk factor for the development of the lesion. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the importance of systematic monitoring of the patient in order to verify the risks of the occurrence of the injury and to maximize preventive care, providing a better hospital stay to the patient and avoiding high costs with the treatment. It is suggested, therefore, that the multidisciplinary health team be adequately trained in order to guarantee a better effectiveness of prevention care, as well as new studies that emphasize the importance of an adequate management of the patient's nutritional status as a way of to avoid the appearance of LP, thus contributing to a change in the current scenario of disease.