Cirurgia bariátrica: repercussões nutricionais e complicações clínicas pós cirúrgica.

Abstract

Bariatric surgery (CB) is the most efficient treatment for morbid obesity, whose purpose consists not only in improving quality but also in prolonging the life of the obese patient. Considering the implications of CB in morbid obesity, the objective of this study is to demonstrate the post surgical repercussions in the patients, as well as to identify the nutritional and clinical consequences, in relation to the existing literature. The present study used scientific articles indexed in the databases: PUBMED, SCIELO, Science Direct, VHL and Google Scholar, published in a period from 2008 to 2018, found from the descriptors in the Portuguese language. From the bibliographical survey 80 articles were obtained in total, however, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 materials were accepted. Among the clinical complications, the most outstanding were the psychological ones (27.27%), which can occur because there are different levels of emotions due to contact with the new post-surgical body; respiratory (18.18%), surgical (18.18%) and cardiovascular complications (18.18%) may occur due to expiratory reserve volume and functional residual capacity, due to the occurrence of fistulas, cholelithiasis, hernia, systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Bone complications (9.09%) and chemical dependency (9.09%) may occur due to overweight and anxiety. Nutritional implications were found with weight regain (16.66%), nutritional deficiencies (50%) and eating disorders (33.35%). The studies show a higher occurrence after surgical procedure of non-adaptation to dietary reeducation and the postoperative physiological and metabolic changes. Thus, from the analyzed data, it was possible to observe that CB, although not free from complications, is still considered a good treatment for obesity, mainly morbid. However, the clinical and nutritional repercussions are still worrying. Therefore, from this study it is demonstrated that the procedures used interfere directly in the expected results after the treatment and that it is necessary to apply this study in order to specialize it mainly regarding the psychological effects since it interferes on the results, such as: chemical dependence , weight regain and eating disorders.