Tolerância à salinidade de genótipos de citros recomendados como porta-enxertos.

Abstract

The citrus industry is an important activity for the Northeast region of Brazil due to the generation of employment and income , however, in this region , the productivity of citrus trees is reduced as a result of erratic rainfall and occurrence of droughts and dry , and there , under these conditions the need for irrigation . As in many places the water is saline, with varying concentrations of salts, are relevant studies aiming at the use where water resources are scarce best quality. Thus, the objective was to study the growth and physiology of citrus genotypes, as recommended rootstocks under different levels of salinity of irrigation water, in order to identify tolerant and susceptible genotypes to salt stress. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse climate adversities , Campus UFCG in Pombal -PB , using the randomized complete block design with three replications , consisting of factorial , 8 x 5 , 8 genotypes of citrus [Rangpur lime Santa Cruz ' ( LCRSTC ) , tangerine' Sunki Common ' ( TSKC ) x Swingle Swingle' ( CTSW ) - 028 x TSKC CTSW - 033 x TSKC CTSW - 041 , 'Volkamer' lemon ( LVK ) x lemon Rangpur ( LCR ) - 038 , tangerine ' Sunki Florida ' ( TSKFL ) , and TSKC 'Rugoso Florida ' ( LRF ) ] and 5 salinity levels of irrigation water (irrigation water with electrical conductivity of 0 , 8 , 1.6, 2.4 , 3.2 and 4.0 dS m - 1 ) , up to 120 days after sowing. Growth and physiological variables were assessed, data were submitted to analysis of variance in cases of significance, and regression analysis was conducted for the factor salinity of irrigation water and the means (Tukey) between salinities at each assessment time in gas exchange. It was found that the concentration of salts in the water drainage was twice the concentration of salt water applied. The relative growth rates are more affected by salinity than the variable itself (plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves). The salinity reduced the growth of most citrus genotypes, water may be used up to 2.4 dS m-1 to irrigate them and a satisfactory growth, the highest growth was observed in TSKFL genotype, with respect to gas exchange, the variable most affected by salinity is stomatal conductance, when producing rootstocks in tubes of 115ml, ideal for evaluation of gas exchange period is 75 days after sowing. Salinity did not have significant effect on the parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence in both seasons. Relating to the growth variables genotype less sensitive to salinity was the hybrid TSKC x CTSW - 041 and the most sensitive was the LRF.