Óleos essenciais com efeito sobre Malassezia spp.: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Malassezia spp. is a lipophilic yeast that inhabits the microbiota of human skin and several homothermal animals. They cause many fungal infections at patients with low immunity and characterizes a variety of dermatological diseases as versicolor pityriasis, dandruff, seborrhea dermatites, atopic dermatites, folliculitis. The treatment is often realized by topical or systemic imidazole derivatives. Actually, there is enough resistance from microorganisms to antifungal agents, then the researchers are looking for new alternatives with less side effects, low cost, safer and efficient for the population. The aim of this work is search essencial oils with effect on species of Malassezia spp. Na integrative bibliographic research was realized at scientific articles published at national and international periodicals by using the following databases BVS, SciELO, Pubmed, Sciencedirect, LILACS and CAPES atleasts 20 years (1997-2017). The following descriptors were used at the research: essential oils, Malassezia spp., toxicity, their combinations in English and boolean AND. This work described the essential oils that show inhibitory activity against Malassezia spp. Among the available essential oils, it was ibserved thar in a preclinical study the Cymbopogon citratus presented activity against Malassezia spp in all concentrations (0,25-8%). Peumus boldus showed 100% sensible at 8 and 4%, Caryophyllus aromaticusat 4% inhibited 65% of strains, Citrus limon at 8% was active at 65% of strains and Cinnamomum zeylanicum until 4% showes activity at strains. In a study the Citrus aurantifólia showed activity antiMalassezia at 2mg/mL. A bibliographic research showed that the essential oils Coleus amboinicus and Eucalyptus globulus presented activity at strains of Malassezia spp., efficient at dandruff treatment. Both oils showed inhibition zones, 37 mm (Coleus amboinicus) and 31 mm (Eucalyptus globulus). The essential oils Origanum vulgare and Ocimum gratissimum were sensible at M. pachydermatics isolated which the Minimum Concentration Inhibitory (MCI) had the minimum at ≤ 0,87, maximum 7mg/m Land 300 µg.g-1 . The results from toxicity of essential oils showed that Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus limon, Origanum vulgare at low concentrations have low toxicity when comparade with other essential oils. In a clinic study, the Cymbopogon citratus at concentration (1,23mL/mL) showed security at formulation. All essential oils studied show excelent inhibitory activity against Malassezia, which open new horizons at researches about using natural products as a new therapy for the treatment of fungical infections