SANTOS, Vaniele de Araújo.
Résumé:
Introduction: Nutritional management in preterm infants with very low birth weight represents a constant challenge in neonatal intensive care units, especially in those with extremely low weight or intrauterine growth restriction. The nutritional strategies offered to neonates, especially preterm infants, are simulated to intrauterine growth via the umbilical cord in qualitative and quantitative terms, so the nutritional therapy of the preterm neonate should be individualized, based on safety and tolerance to supply of nutrients. Overall objective: To analyze clinical repercussions and metabolic changes in the use of nutritional therapy in neonatology patients. Methodology: The study uses bibliographical research as a methodological tool, in the beginning, an integrative bibliographic review was carried out of a descriptive nature and qualitative analysis, in order to cover significant studies related to the theme. The search and data collection was carried out from November / 2017 to November / 2018 and data analysis and discussion of results occurred in November / 2018. Results: The enteral route is the most physiological and allows more compatible administration for the assimilation of nutrients, besides being used more frequently individually or associated with parenteral nutrition as the studies show. The number of infants who are fed orally or in the mother's own breast is insignificant in relation to the other results, and may be a reflection of the stress caused in the hospital environment, lack of stimulation of suction and warmth with her mother, however, milk human milk or the mother's own diet remains the most used and with more satisfactory results according to the review. Final considerations: Nutritional therapy at this stage of life is a process that involves different knowledge, skills, techniques and equipment. The scientific evidence for the use of nutritional therapy in the improvement of the evolution of pediatric patients is still scarce, requiring further studies with better delineation and statistical analysis, according to the evaluation of the systematic review
