Marcadores laboratoriais utilizados no diagnóstico da doença renal crônica.

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a silent, progressive, and incurable disease that has received special attention in recent years because of its seriousness and because it is a medical and public health problem. This monographic work aims to perform a research about the laboratory markers most used for an early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. In order to do so, we aimed to characterize chronic kidney disease (CKD); Explain the main factors that cause CKD; Analyze and identify the laboratory tests used in the diagnosis of CKD and identify the advantages and disadvantages of each laboratory examination. The theoretical framework was constructed with aspects related to renal anatomy and physiology; Contextualization of chronic kidney disease and markers of renal function used in laboratory diagnosis. The methodological procedure was characterized by a bibliographic review. Therefore, the research demonstrated that there has been a great advance in the development of laboratory markers of CKD in the last decades. In this way, creatinine and urea are the most commonly used markers in clinical and laboratory routine because they are simple, low cost methods available in any laboratory. Thus, it can be affirmed that there are several markers and methods used in clinical analysis laboratories for evaluation of renal dysfunction, although each with its peculiar characteristics. Finally, the early diagnosis of CKD to delay and / or prevent the progression of the disease in order to receive the appropriate treatment is of fundamental importance.