Relação entre os índices antropométricos com a avaliação semiológica nutricional de lactentes e pré-escolares atendidos pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar.

Abstract

The evaluation of nutritional status through anthropometry, with the measurement of weight and height, is an important step in the evaluation of the development of a child, and it is possible to verify if the growth is moving away from the expected standard due to some disease and / or Social factors that are not favorable and identify possible health and nutritional risks. The nutritional semiology also has its importance, including the study of the signs and symptoms of the individual. The objective of the research was to relate the anthropometric indices with the nutritional semiological evaluation of infants and preschool children attended by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) enrolled in a daycare center in the city of Cuité-PB. It is a cross-sectional, cross-sectional, cross-sectional, cross-sectional, cross-sectional survey of the observational type performed with infants and preschool children attended by PNAE, constituting a sample of 77 children. Through nutritional monitoring charts, data were collected on the identification of children as weight, height and nutritional semiological changes. The classification of the nutritional status was performed by calculating the anthropometric indices Weight by Age (P / I), Height by Age (I / I), Weight by Height (P / E) and Body Mass Index by Age ) compared to the cutoff points of the Z score scale, according to World Health Organization curves. The results of this study allowed us to identify that most of the children are in the nutritional state of eutrophy according to the indices P / I, P / E, E / I and IMC / I being the frequency of 94.8%, 62.3%, 79.2% and 61%, respectively. In addition, the other children had a prevalence of overweight risk (24.7%) and overweight (11.7% and 13%) around the P / E and BMI / I, respectively. It was also verified a minimum percentage of malnutrition, with a leanness rate of 1.3% for the P / E and BMI / I indices. Of the 77 children studied, 44 had nutritional semiological alterations, where they had alterations in the eyes (23.4%), nails (11.7%) and skin (7.8%). The findings showed that the majority of the children presented pale conjunctiva of the eyes, characterized by deficiency of iron, folic acid or vitamin B12; the others indicated mottled nails and dry skin caused by vitamin A deficiency; yellow pigmentation of the skin, and may be caused by excess carotene; and tooth decay, caused by excess sugar consumption. It was observed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the studied variables, however, several studies show that the nutritional deficiencies or excesses are mainly due to an inadequate diet and that this influences both the nutritional status, leaving nutritional disorders susceptible, and in the appearance of clinical signs and may impair the growth and development of the child. It is necessary to plan nutritional interventions appropriate for the prevention of the development of childhood obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases, the introduction of nutritional guidance projects, aimed at parents and caregivers, acting as a form of prevention of possible deficiencies or excesses and the commitment of the child's growth and development.