A oferta de nutrientes em pacientes críticos utilizando terapia nutricional enteral é adequada?: uma revisão de literatura.

Abstract

The critical patient is one who is at imminent risk of losing life or organ/system function is the human body. These develop acute inflammatory response and consequently a series of metabolic alterations. In view of the nutritional risk of the patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), it is essential to establish an adequate nutritional supply for the control of malnutrition and its consequences. The objective of the present study was to verify the adequacy profile of the caloric and protein supply in critically ill patients using Enteral Nutritional Therapy, found in the literature, and to identify the factors that influence nutritional support. This study used as a methodological tool the integrative literature review, including articles published between the period 2000 to 2017, and then counted the number of patients in Enteral Nutritional Therapy, and then calculated the percentage of adequacy and inadequacy of intake Caloric and protein. Of the 691 patients found in the articles, a caloric intake adequacy of 69.5% and 61% of the protein intake was found. In addition, the main factors that may still be influencing the inadequacy of intake were: prolonged fasting for external cause and gastrointestinal complications as the main internal cause. Thus, it is concluded that the adequacy of the intake is shown to be closer to the recommendations, however, the amount of patients receiving an inadequate nutritional intake is still very high, especially when it comes to protein intake. In order to assist in the adequacy of the intake, it would be necessary to follow the patient individually according to the guidelines in force. In addition, the nutritionist should monitor diet supply and intake and intervene in interruptions to Enteral Nutritional Therapy.