Estudo agroeconômico do cultivo da couve folha, coentro, alface e cebolinha em sistemas consorciados.

Abstract

What can be expected of the intercropping is the maximization of environmental resources, economic and productive cultures involved in the system while its economic study enables efficient decision making. With the aim to evaluate the agricultural economic viability of the collard cultivation, cilantro, lettuce and chives in intercropping systems compared to their monoculture. The experiment was conducted in the Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, of Universidade Federal de Campina Grande in Pombal-PB, in the period from July to November 2014, in the open. The experimental design consisted of 11 treatments corresponding to four polycultures, three intercropping, four monocultures, allotted to a randomized block design with four replications. They were used as main crops collard 'Manteiga'; coriander 'Verdão'; lettuce 'Vera' and chives 'Todo ano'. Were evaluated for all cultures, the number of sheets; plant height; fresh and shoot dry; productivity; leaf area; fresh and dry root and volume root. Besides these characteristics were also evaluated for lettuce transverse diameter and to coriander, the number of plants. In the different systems were measured the efficient use of land (EUL), leaf area index, external and internal temperature of the soil, total operating costs (TOC), gross revenue, net revenue, profitability index and rate of return. The TOCs values of intercropping systems were calculated with the prices of July 2014. With regard to productivity, was the collard monocultures that met the best average (21.2 t ha-1) losing, but in diversity foods. On the other hand, the EUL has been viable in all systems studied reaching values that indicate a land use efficiency of approximately 50% more in policultives and bicultivos. Production of TOCs collard polycultures with cilantro, lettuce and chives were, respectively, R$ 14,711.68 ha-1 (with the four species) 11,967.66; 11,337.60 and 10,349.21 ha-1 (combinations with three species). In bicultivos collard with coriander, lettuce or chives, the TOC were R$ 10,921.64; 12,380.15 and 12,403.79 ha-1, respectively, values higher than the monoculture crops involved in systems where TOC ranged from R$ 8,009.52 to 9,458.90 ha-1. In all systems studied the largest share was related to the cost of labor. Despite increases in TOC systems in polyculture in relation to bicultivos prove economically viable, because the values of these characteristics did not differ significantly from monocultures surpassing them in some cases. In polycultures the highest gross and net income, rate of return and profitability index, were found in polyculture collard with coriander and lettuce. In bicropping, the combination of collard with chives obtained the lower rate of return and profitability index, the lettuce monocultures in which were found the largest gross and net income, rate of return and profitability index.