Estado nutricional de usuários de antipsicóticos atendidos pelo centro de atenção psicossocial do municipio de Picuí - PB.

Abstract

The antipsychotic drugs administration stands as a widely employed intervention in clinical practice as part of the treatment for the person suffering from psychic disorders, however, the literature has associated the use of this class of drugs to changes in body weight and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional profile and to correlate it with antipsychotic drugs intake by assisted-patients from the Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS), in Picuí-PB. The present study has a cross-sectional and quantitative research design. Data were obtained by medical records and anthropometric evaluation (weight, stature, waist and hip circumferences), and questionnaire application. The sample consisted of 30 individuals assisted by CAPS, 53% male and 47% female. The mean age for males was 43.6, while females were 40.6 years. Regarding diagnoses of Mental Disorders, frequencies were 63% of men and 57% of women had diagnoses in ICD 10 - F 20 (schizophrenia), 25% of men and 14% of women in ICD 10 - F30 (Bipolar Affective Disorders), and one third presented with CID 10 - F70 (Mental Retardation), diagnosed in 14% of the women whereas in no man. We also found inconclusive diagnoses, 13% and 14%, for men and women, respectively. Eight different classes of psychotropic drugs in use by CAPS users were identified: antidepressants, anxiolytics, mood stabilizers, anticholinergics and antiepileptics. Out of these, 7 types of drugs corresponded to the antipsychotic class, which are the focus of this study, with a higher indication of Risperidone and Olanzapine among atypicals and Levomepromazine among the typical ones. Regarding Body mass index, 44% of the men were pre-obese and 25% were class I obese. Whereas 43% of the women were in obesity class I, 14% in obesity class II, 7% in class III obesity and 29% were pre-obese. Regarding waist-hip circumference, 50% of the men were above 94 cm, 31% were at high cardiovascular risk and only 19% were not at risk. Nevertheless, 93% of women were over 88 cm. The presence of chronic non communicable disease was verified in 83% of women and 50% in men. It was also observed that 69% of men and 64% of women reported they did not practice any type of physical exercise. Given the results, we can affirm that an expressive amount of people in both genders presented with above ideal weight, high waist-hip circumference and sedentary lifestyle. Despite the limitations of this study, it was visualized that a considerable portion of antipsychotics has as possible side effect regarding weight gain. In this way, it is extremely important the nutritional monitoring of these patients, as well as the elaboration and implementation of measures aimed at intervening in the problems encountered.