Vigilância infantil: conhecimento materno acerca do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e práticas de cuidados em saúde.

Abstract

Introduction: Child development is a process resulting from the interaction between the phenomena of growth, maturation and learning, where changes occur in the individual's functions, which can be noticed in their abilities and behaviors in the physical, intellectual, emotional and social dimensions. Knowing how the child develops from birth to infancy is essential for the early identification of possible deviations or delays in neuropsychomotor development. Objective: To verify maternal knowledge about child development and health care practices in children. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive, quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 50 mothers and children, ranging in age from 0 to 24 months, who used day care centers located in the urban area of Cuité. A structured form, containing 41 questions on the risk factors for child development, involving maternal variables (sociodemographic, reproductive data, marital satisfaction, support network and guidelines for child development) and the child were used for data collection. Conditions of birth, child health, child care, and family structure). The work was submitted and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the University Hospital Alcides Carneiro (HUAC) with CAAE: 61530916.30000.5182. The data were presented descriptively in the form of graphs and tables and analyzed in light of the literature. Results: the majority of mothers were aged between 19-29 years (56.0%), single (52.0%) had 15 or more years of study (28.0%), and family income lower than one minimum wage ( 64.0%). Regarding the characterization of maternal risk factors, a mean of two children (40.0%), an interpartal interval of less than 2 years (54.0%) were observed, the majority of deliveries were of surgical origin (60.0%), . The majority of the mothers denied a degree of kinship with the father of the child (70.0%) and marital conflicts (68.0%) and referred to the pregnancy as desired (66.0%). As for the children, the majority of them were aged between 12 and 24 months (84.0%), female (52.0%), A Term (70.0%) with adequate birth weight (68, 0%). The majority of the children presented normal development (36.0%), however, a significant percentage presented a possible (26.0%) and probable (12.0%) development. In addition to the presence of risk factors (26.0%). Regarding maternal knowledge on child development and care practices, found that most of them are unaware of the norms and milestones of child development (58.0%). The highest percentages of hits were related to health and safety domains (36.0%). Conclusion: It is essential that the mother has knowledge about the child's normal motor development phases so that there is early identification of possible delays and referral to specialized services. In this sense, health professionals, specifically nursing professionals, should promote actions that offer these women conditions of knowledge regarding care, health practices and stimulation of child development.