O doce sonho da maternidade: diabetes e gestação à luz da revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a very common pathology of the gravid cycle, called gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Although common, management in prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment is still somewhat neglected, especially in regard to the screening of risk factors and early diagnosis. In this sense, this study aimed to analyze, from publications in scientific journals, the relationship between diabetes and gestation, in light of the integrative review method. . This is an integrative review of the literature, based on data from the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF) and Electronic library Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO). The term "Women AND Diabetes", "Women AND Gestation", "Diabetes AND Gestation" and "Women AND Diabetes AND Gestation" was used as search strategy. As criteria for inclusion, the articles available in full in the five-year period (2011-2016) in the Portuguese language were delimited. The sample was constituted at the end of the search for 15 articles. The studies indicate that women who had first- degree relatives who had diabetes mellitus or risk factors for the development of the disease were more likely to have perinatal complications than those who had the negative diagnosis and the negative screening, Pathology or associated risk factors, the main risk factor found for the development of GDM was overweight or obesity, making clear the need for a better investigation in women who have this risk factor, for a good Perinatal outcome, without major complications for the mother-child binomial. The prevention of pre-gestational obesity is of extreme importance for the prevention of GDM or for a better treatment of the pathology, the diet is the main method used for the treatment, being able to be conjugated with medicines and physical exercises. The diet therapy treats the psychological aspects of pregnant women with regard to social isolation, not being able to eat like other people, negative thoughts and revolt with the disease, thus showing the need for a multiprofessional intervention in the treatment of GDM, With nutritionists, psychologists, nurses, obstetricians and endocrinologists, physical educators and social workers.