Zika vírus e microcefalia na gestação: um estudo à luz da revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Currently there is evidence that not only the transmission of the ZIKA virus through the insect but also vertically, of the mother infected with the Zika virus during pregnancy to the fetus or newborn during delivery, this being the congenital transmission. In this sense, this study aims to analyze, from publications in scientific journals, the relationship between emergent arbovirose Zika Virus and its interface with microcephaly in pregnancy, in light of the integrative review method. This is an integrative review of the literature, based on data from the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF) and Electronic library Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO). The search terms used were: "Pregnancy AND Zika virus", "Pregnancy AND Microcephaly" and "Zika virus AND Microcephaly". The inclusion criteria defined for the selection of articles were: articles available in full published in Portuguese, English and Spanish; Published and indexed in said databases over a period of 5 years (2013-2017, first quarter). Twelve articles were included in this integrative review. Studies have indicated that zika virus infection during pregnancy has been associated with congenital microcephaly, fetal malformations and fetal loss. These conditions led the Brazilian Minister of Health to declare a State of Emergency in Public Health of National Importance in November 2015, after finding a change in the epidemiological pattern of microcephaly occurrences in Pernambuco and other Northeastern states. Thus, it was believed that the pregnant women who are vulnerable to the emerging virus need vigilance, and the staff of the basic health unit, through prenatal care, should be aware of the risks to the mother and the concept. The pregnant women should be diagnosed early and treated according to the clinical staging of the disease. Based on the findings of the integrative review, the need for a constant and constant fight against the vector in order to reduce the incidence incidence of microcephaly cases and their consequences and short, medium and long term impacts arises.