Empoderamento de mulheres mastectomizadas a partir de intervenções educativas em saúde.

Abstract

Breast neoplasm is the second most frequent type of cancer in the female population and causes numerous transformations in the person's life. Mastectomy, the surgical treatment of this type of cancer, is responsible for interfering negatively in the physical, emotional and social spheres of the women. Therefore, health educational activities can be used as an essential strategy to enable women's support and awareness about their new reality. The objective of this study was to provide the empowerment of mastectomized women from educational health interventions. It is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach mediated by the methodology of the research-action, developed with women participants of the Support Group of Friends of the Breast of Cajazeiras. The research began after approval of the project by the Research Ethics Committee (Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa - CEP) under the no. 2.338.588. For the data collection of the situational diagnosis a semi-structured interview was carried out, three health education activities were then implemented based on the themes found in the previous stage, and finally, a second interview was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the actions performed. For the analysis of the data obtained in the situational diagnosis and in the evaluation of the actions, the methodological process of the Collective Subject Discourse (DSC) proposed by Lefèvre and Lefèvre was used, obtaining three themes and eight categories from the first interview and a thematic one with two categories of the second. All steps of the research followed faithfully the Resolution 510/2016 of the National Health Council. With regard to women's knowledge about breast cancer, knowledge was identified, but also some difficulties; feelings related to the diagnosis of the disease and mastectomy were presented, as well as some forms of coping revealed. Based on the situations evidenced in the situational diagnosis, educational activities were implemented with the purpose of transforming the reality experienced by women. It was noted, with the next step, the relevance that the actions had for the life of the participants, being pointed out as a form of learning and improvement of well- being. Finally, it was understood the need to work the entirety of the mastectomized women, since they are holders of knowledge and experiences that can be used to enable their empowerment.