Disfunções imunes na Síndrome de Down: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

The Down syndrome is the most frequent alteration chromosomal in human beings and the main cause of intellectual deficiency in the population studying with several and complex problems of health. Individuals afflicted with this syndrome have a higher frequency of infections, indicating that there may be dysfunctions in the immune system. The objective of that study was to evaluate the main present immune dysfunctions in patients with Down syndrome. Regarding the methodological design, an integrative review was carried out, using the following databases as the research source: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), International Medical Published - servisse of the U.S National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), selecting a total of nine articles published in the last ten years. After analyze the selected articles, it was found that, although some of the studies present divergent or inconclusive results, Down syndrome has several immunological dysfunctions, with the reduction of lymphocytes B and T being the most important and most evident among the studies. Thus, it is concluded that Down syndrome is a genetic syndrome commonly associated with immune dysfunctions and that this promotes an increase in the susceptibility, frequency and duration of infections in these individuals. However, higher quality and large-scale studies are needed to better understand the immunological mechanisms that are altered in this syndrome and thus promote a better quality of life for people with Down syndrome.