Síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono e os distúrbios neurocognitivos na infância: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

The Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is well established in adults, but there is a lack of studies in children, especially as its repercussion in cognition, social and intellectual development. The gold standard for diagnosis is polysomnography, but due to difficulty in its implementation, the lack of sleep laboratories and the high cost of it, this still not widely used. Diagnosis can also be done by careful anamnesis and physical examination and, if necessary, validated questionnaires of quality of sleep. The aim of this study is to know the relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and neurocognitive disorders in children's age group. We performed an integrative review study of literature in the following databases: Lilacs, PubMed and Cochrane, in June 2015. Using the controlled descriptors: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Children, neurocognitive, attetion deficit, neuropsychological deficits and sleep apnea. Six articles were selected by the inclusion criteria of the study. After thorough analysis of the articles, it was possible to know the relationship between OSAS and neurocognitive disorders. The main mentioned by the authors were: attention, executive function, hyperactivity, motor skills, alertness, memory, aggression, memory and intelligence. As for OSAS classification was found the following types: simple snoring and mild OSAS, mild and moderate OSAS and two of the articles reported no type of classification. Comparing information from texts and through critical analysis of the article, it became clear that the relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and neurocognitive disorders in children is real, besides the great impact it may cause on children does not get early diagnosis and proper treatment. Another fact is the need for more studies on this topic. Therefore, one of necessities is develpment more research addressed about the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, with assessment through exams that allow accuracy of findings, for example, the polysomnography.