Obtenção de membranas a partir de nanocompósitos de PEI e de PES para permeação a gases.

Abstract

The polymer nanocomposites have been potentially considered in recent decades due to an improvement in the properties presented by these materials, mainly used by low levels of load. Among the applications of the nanocomposites, in particular an increase interest which is to obtain membranes. Processes using membranes, although recently, have been used increasingly with operations of separation, purification, concentration and fractionation in a wide variety of industries. In this study, membranes from poly(ether imide) (PEI) and poly(ether sulfone) (PES) nanocomposites with montmorillonite clay were produced by the solvent evaporation technique, using as solvent: chloroform to the PEI and dimethylformamide (DMF) to the PES. By XRD it was seen intercalated structures for the PEI with 3% clay and a microcomposite to 5% PEI and PES. By SEM it was observed that the membranes did not present apparently pores. By TG, two stages of decomposition were visualized and the clay increased the thermal stability of the membranes. By DMTA it was observed that the incorporation of clay into matrix increased the rigidity of the system, increased Tg and improved thermomechanical stability. Through permeation analysis it was found that for water vapor and 0 2 permeation is greater for the PES membranes. The incorporation of the clay decreased permeability to 0 2 for both polymers, thus proving that served as the clay barrier.