Interferência do tabagismo na ocorrência da síndrome metabólica no climatério: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder, which brings together several cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity in glucose metabolism changes, displaying a high and increasing prevalence, especially among women in their fifth decade of life, coinciding with perimenopause. The aim of this study is to investigate the interference of smoking in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in menopause women. To this end, an integrative review of published works was held in Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane and LILACS, using the keywords "metabolic syndrome X", "climacteric" and "smoking". The search was conducted in July 2015 and resulted in the selection of four articles, with year of publication between 2012 and 2013. Data analysis revealed that in premenopausal women, the smoking habit was associated with higher blood pressure values and heart rate, as well as a significant occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis, although lower abdominal circumference. While some authors infer that smoking sets up an independent risk factor for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in this population, the other found a higher incidence of this syndrome in former smokers compared with active smokers and those who never smoked. Insufficient data and something different were unable to elucidate the real cigarette role in the development of metabolic syndrome in menopausal women. Thus, further studies are required in order for further clarification on this theme, including specific work with former female smokers.