Deposição de gordura e parâmetros bioquímicos de ratas Wistar tratadas com óleo de avestruz durante a fase de gestação e lactação.

Abstract

Fatty acids are very important nutrients in the stages of pregnancy and lactation, as they provide several benefits to the mother's nutrition as well as for the fetus, as well as being involved in the production of breast milk. Because of this importance comes the interest in a new product ostrich oil consists of fatty acids containing omega 3, 6 and 9. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects in the animals treated with ostrich oil during the stages of pregnancy and lactation on biochemical parameters and percentage of visceral and liver fat. Female Wistar rats were treated during the phase of pregnancy and lactation, the animals were divided into three groups: control group (CT) with diet containing 7% oil, normolipídico group (NL) containing 7% of ostrich oil, hyperlipidic group ( Hl) on diet containing 14% ostrich oil. All groups contained three animals which were fed from day 14 of pregnancy until the end of lactation. Body weight and feed intake was measured weekly. After 21 days of lactation, the animals were anesthetized and euthanized, then it was removed and visceral fat was quantified. The liver was removed for total fat analysis. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and the plasma used to measure total cholesterol, HDL and triglyceride by enzymatic method using Labtest Kits. Plasma glucose was measured using a glucometer. The results showed that at the end of pregnancy the HL group showed lower feed intake and lower calorie intake compared to the CT group and lower consumption of group HL calories compared to the NL group (p <0.05). On the 14th and 21st day of lactation feed intake and energy intake and HL NL groups were lower compared to the TC group (p <0.05). With higher caloric intake at the end of the HL group lactation against the NL. On day 21 of gestation no weight differences between groups. On the 7th day of lactation NL and HL groups showed lower weights to the CT group, already on day 21 the weight of the rats of the NL group was lower in the CT group, with the HL group weighing less than both (p <0.05 ). Regarding visceral fat HL group showed less fat compared to CT and NL group. The weight of the liver HL group was higher compared to CT and NL group (p <0.05). The percentage of liver fat did not differ between the groups. As for the biochemical parameters and HL NL groups presented lower blood glucose in relation to the TC group (p <0.05). The HL group showed the lowest TG compared to CT and NL (p <0.05). NL group showed the lowest total cholesterol compared to CT (p <0.05). HDL increased the HL group compared to CT and NL groups (p <0.05). In conclusion, low dietary intake and calories found in the group that consumed fat diet may have influenced the reduction of body fat from the mother, and promote better blood glucose and lipid levels during the final phase of lactation. However, it must also consider the changes that occur in the metabolism of mothers during lactation that can is directly linked to the results obtained.