Fatores determinantes para o aleitamento materno: caracterização de mães assistidas por uma equipe de saúde da família em um município do seridó paraibano.

Abstract

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age and from that stage its complementation and continuity until 2 years old or more. Breastfeeding is universal practice to be encouraged, as it ensures health promotion, formation of healthy eating habits and disease prevention. Besides the many benefits for child, breastfeeding also presents significant benefits to women's health. But even with all the proven and widespread benefits, adherence to exclusive breastfeeding and its progression is still low. This study aimed to describe the determining factors for breastfeeding performed by mothers of children from birth to six months of age, accompanied by a Health family Team in a city of Seridó paraibano. It is a field research, cross-sectional, descriptive with a qualitative approach, developed during on July, 2016. For data collect was used the interview method, using a semi-structured questionnaires and audio recording. Data were analyzed descriptively. The study included 14 women 17- 38 years old, with an average income of up to one minimum wage. The big majority of participants were in stable relationships (n = 12). They had education level incomplete elementary school until university incomplete. All participants received prenatal care at the health unit where they were registered and they had their children at the Regional Hospital Felipe Tiago Gomes (Picuí -PB). About the food provided to children, four participants were exclusively breastfeeding, 06 were supplementing breastfeeding and 04 had stopped breastfeeding. Were highlighted in the reports the variables, the condition, economic, ease breast milk does not require preparation, and the feeling of relief when breastfeeding and completely empty of the breast, the supervisory presence and support parents and especially the large amount of milk produced were identified as responsible for generating feelings of security in women, due to believe to be fulfilling their maternal role fully. To complement breast milk, the low milk production, the crying child, and return to work were the main factors associated with complementation. The interruption of breastfeeding was reported as due to the lack of breast milk, and low production. We conclude that breastfeeding goes beyond the practical scripts and it is directly linked to the 11 experience of women and people with whom they live. It depends and needs support. It is of great importance the father’s presence in the breastfeeding process. For women, the breastfeeding is not a practice entirely instinctive, unlike what happens with the child that is born with the reflection of suction, the mother needs to be taught to breastfeed, she needs to be heard, she needs to be understood, and mainly she needs to be prepared from pre-natal to the arrival of the child, for the routine with a child and possible complications, which make health professional basic indispensable is responsible for the success of exclusive breastfeeding and continuing until 2 years old or more.