Marcadores laboratoriais para o diagnóstico do infarto agudo do miocárdio: revisão literária.

Abstract

The heart, like the other body organs, need rich arterial blood oxygen to function normally. The interruption of blood supply to the heart occurs when there is a blockage in the arteries that nourish the heart muscle, coronary arteries. When this happens, there is the Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). Their study is of fundamental importance for the high prevalence, morbidity and mortality. Myocardial usually have higher incidence in people who are overweight, smoking practices, are sedentary, hypertensive or diabetic. Its diagnosis is based primarily on the results of the values of the cardiac laboratory markers, and more frequently the use of, creatine phosphokinase (CK-total), creatine phosphokinase MB fraction (CK-MB), myoglobin and troponin. Thus the present study presented aimed at making the literature of laboratory markers detected to diagnose AMI and describe them. For this, a review of the literature systematically was held in Bireme databases SciELO, and Google Scholar, and national and international health committees in order to select the Scientific articles that addressed the relevance of laboratory markers for diagnosis of AMI that addressed the major recurring symptoms, the factors that contributed to or prevented its incidence, published in the last 15 years, where they were surveyed 97 articles, in which only 40 articles were used to support the theme, because this total represents a sample significant to explain the subject. The IAM is a leading cause of death in men and women over thirty years, therefore, the population need not only treatment, but also guidance on the risk factors that affect heart attack, such as obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, stress, diabetes, alerting people to have better eating habits and a good lifestyle, in relation to physical activity and can thus reduce the likelihood of having the disease. The study showed that the markers, Myoglobin, CK-T, CK-MB, troponin were important for the diagnosis of AMI. We conclude that the myoglobin was the earlier marker. But it is very sensitive, so had lower specificity for the diagnosis of AMI and the most important marker for diagnosis was troponin because she had little sensitivity and greater specificity for this disease.