Análise das práticas no processo parturitivo contextualizadas como violência obstétrica.

Abstract

Society goes through a chaotic process in the perpetration of violence that affects the various social strata and brings physical and psychological consequences to its victims. Among its various forms, violence in obstetric care is highlighted, a subject of great relevance in the literature and reveals a complex health problem within the maternity hospitals. In this way, it was objectified from the reports of the puerperas interviewed, to identify the practices in the parturitive process contextualized as obstetric violence. The present study is classified as an exploratory field research with a qualitative approach developed in a reference maternity in high risk located in the backlands of Paraíba. The sample consisted of a total of 16 puerperal vaginal deliveries that met the inclusion criteria and were available to participate in the study. It is necessary that the assistance provided to women in labor, delivery and postpartum should be based on humanization, welcoming, reassuring and instructing the parturient to participate actively in this process. It was found that 81% of the puerperae reported having remained in a comfortable position during delivery, only 2 (13%) reported receiving an indication to remain lying down, practices such as artificial rupture of the pouch and administration of artificial oxytocin to accelerate labor were found in 25% of postpartum women, and episiotomy without parturient consent has a 31% occurrence rate. It was identified that the performance of procedures without the consent of the parturient or explanation of their need had a higher incidence (67%) in those who declared themselves black. Thus, the study revealed that there is still great fragility in the knowledge of puerperae about the assistance to humanized childbirth, distant from interventions and that rescue the physiology of childbirth, always emphasizing autonomy. Thus, it is concluded that parturient assistance, even though it implements some humanized practices in childbirth care, still presents some flaws that are unnoticed by women due to lack of knowledge about their rights, as well as practices characterized as obstetric violence. In order to change this reality, it is necessary to break with the biomedical model that still exists, a factor that has to be worked out from the professional training process, valuing the humanization of care, working on the development of empathy, holistic care and respect for life.