Análise espacial e epidemiológica da Doença de Chagas: distribuição e incidência no Brasil.

Abstract

Chagas disease (DC) was described by Carlos Chagas, in Minas Gerais, in 1909. The etiologic agent of the pathology is referred to as Trypanosoma cruzi, a form of infecting protozoan whose dissemination in the population usually occurs by vector, having as main vector the triatomines of the genus Triatoma. There are also the forms of transmission oral, vertical, transfusional, accidental transmission in laboratory and insect manipulators. The DC it has been historically referred to as neglected disease and is related to socioeconomic, political and cultural factors, presenting a wide distribution, being more widespread in Latin America, including Brazil. The objective of the present study was to present the epidemiological profile and analyze the spatialization of the disease in Brazil, in the period from 2010 to 2014. The survey was conducted between November 2017 and March 2018. Data from confirmed cases of the disease were obtained from the DATASUS Portal (SINAN) of the Ministry of Health. These data and information were tabulated and exposed in graphs and thematic maps generated by geoprocessing tools and technologies. Important results were revealed, pointing to the male gender, pardos, age range 20-39 years with the highest number of reported cases of the disease. In Brazil, the number of cases in the period totals 870. The North Region presented 805 reported cases, mainly in municipalities of the State of Pará, such as Belém and Abaetetuba and nearby regions. Northeast, 31 cases. The other regions: Central West (25), Southeast (5) and South (4) are the ones with the lowest index, totaling 34 cases. Thus, epidemiological and spatial studies allow to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution and the prevalence of the disease, playing a significant role in prior knowledge of areas and people at risk of contamination, favoring the improvement of the strategies used in public health surveillance services.