Um estudo transcendente sobre o câncer de mama: mortalidade e tratamento.

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) currently stands as the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. It is believed that the impact of mortality from this cause is even more intense in developing countries, such as Brazil, where resources for health care are limited and, consequently, deficient in prevention and treatment measures. Knowing that mortality represents an important social and health indicator, the present study proposes to outline the mortality profile by BC in Brazil and, considering the prevention and treatment of BC as essential approaches to reduce mortality, to seek compounds synthetic and natural materials that can be used in such modalities. Methods: An exploratory time series study was carried out in the INCA Online Mortality Atlas, considering the distribution of mortality by BC according to sex and age group during the periods 1987-1996, 1997-2006 and 2007-2016 in Brazil. Based on the exploratory study, an experimental study was carried out in which the cytotoxicity of 20 synthetic compounds, thiazois, and a natural, carvone in breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF- 7. To this end, the MTT reduction technique and the labeling with Propidium Iodide (PI) and Hoechst (HO) were used. Results and discussion: CM in Brazil showed a high MT compared to other countries in the world. For hormonal reasons, the rate was higher in women of reproductive age, however, the male CM showed a higher mortality growth than the female. These results reveal the inability of the Brazilian health policy to deal with the increased incidence of CM. As for the experimental analysis, it was verified that the synthetic compounds did not present a cytotoxic effect to the carcinogenic strains. Despite this, there is a range of biological activities to be investigated in future studies. With regard to carvone, it was found that it was cytotoxic, in its two forms, to BC cell lines, presenting potential for the development of a new chemotherapeutic. In addition, due to its availability in natural compounds used in national cuisine, the substance still has potential for action in the primary prevention of the disease. Conclusions: MT by BC in Brazil is characterized by high indexes, especially in women from 40 years of age. The index also shows a progressive trend for the coming years. This situation corroborates the need for improvements in the management of the disease, especially in the treatment and prevention. In this sense, one of the compounds analyzed in this study, carvone, was presented as an alternative for both modalities.