Fatores relacionados à diabetes tipo 1 na infância: revisão integrativa.

Abstract

The Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic cells insulin producer. It is a multifactorial disease of genetic character, with polygenic inheritance type. It is considered one of the main autoimmune diseases in childhood, which present a high prevalence in this phase. Its manifestations vary according to association of environmental factors and genetic predisposition that people have. In the literature, there are many articles that expose these factors influencing the occurrence and the development of T1D. The aim of this study was an analysis in the form of an integrative review on the knowledge already built of the research of the factors that are associated with T1D in children, in order to list and analyze the relevance of each factor in the development of this disease. Factors analyzed can be classified as: trigger, protector and not interfere in the course of the disease. Maternal infection by enteroviruses during pregnancy, low levels of D vitamin during pregnancy, month of birth and relationship of geographic location and early exposure to cow's milk protein can be considered as trigger factors. Breastfeeding works as a discrete protective factor for T1D. The delay in the introduction of gluten in the diet of children and the introduction of extensively hydrolyzed formulas in infants does not provide protection for T1D.