Monitoramento das concentrações de gases em uma célula experimental de resíduos sólidos urbanos na cidade de Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

Monitoring of gases found in landfills becomes relevant for analyzing the evolution of the process of decomposition of organic matter, avoid environmental problems e evaluate of using the biogas for power generation. With order to simulate the behavior of a landfill was built an experimental cell of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) that allows monitor the process of decomposition of waste in a controlled manner. This cell was instrumented mode to allow the monitoring of several parameters associated with the production of gas. In view of the importance of understand the behavior of gases production and yours intervening factors, this study aimed to monitor the gas concentrations in a experimental cell of municipal solid waste in the city of Campina Grande-PB, analyzing the relation of the composition of the gases with the phases of degradation of the waste. The experimental methodology included the step the construction of the experimental cell, planning statistician, operational methodology, where the samples were separated for the gravimetric and volumetric composition, to finally the waste be compacted in the experimental cell. Then, started the monitoring of the parameters of pH, moisture content, total alkalinity, volatile acids, volatile solids, aerobic microorganisms, temperature of the waste grounded, and the gases found in the experimental cell from three methodologies: Biogas Kit with Biofoto, Drager and Gas Chromatography. The determination of concentrations of gases were realized in terms of CH4, CO2, H2S, CO, O2, N2 and NH3. Based on the results was observed that the physico-chemical parameters obtained during the monitoring of waste grounded these demonstrate that the MSW found in stage of degradation compatible with the age of the waste grounded and the concentrations of gases in the experimental cell were inside the expected limit for the methanogenic phase, not having until the end of the monitoring leached generation. Besides providing consistent results, the studies in the experimental cell, showed efficient for monitoring gases serving as subsidy for projects to full-scale landfills.