Doença de Alzheimer mecanismos moleculares e tratamento farmacológico: uma revisão.

Abstract

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a common dementia among the elderly. Alzheimer's diminishes synapses and causes death of neurons, reducing cognition of the patient. The most common drugs in the treatments are Cholinesterase Inhibitors represented by donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and tacrine (in disuse). In addition, memantine is quite effective for therapy. The SUS includes some of these drugs in its free distribution list and the exit door is in the Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Assistance (CEAF), where the pharmacist is a keystone. In addition, patients with AD have cares and needs that sometimes overwhelm those closest to them. The aim of the study was to address the pharmacological treatment and biochemical modifications that lead to the disease, in addition to reporting on the life of the patient and caregivers and the action of the pharmacist to assist in therapy and diagnosis. It is a systematic bibliographical research, whose search for the material was done through the databases Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Google Scholar and national and international health committees, where bibliographical references were included between the years of 2014 to 2019. The following search terms were used in several combinations: 1) Alzheimer; 2) Elderly; 3) Dementia; 4) Cholinesterase Inhibitors. With the review it was possible to notice the increasing increase of the disease in the society, and the difficulty that they have in solving the cure, or the anticipated diagnosis. The biological changes are multifactorial, the senile plaques and neutrofibrillary tangles arise suddenly. The research of new drugs focused on hypotheses other than the cholinergic hypothesis is a reality, but the main therapy is still the conventional one. The imaging and histopathology diagnosis of the patient sample is effective, but not safe enough to ensure a diagnosis that prevents before the shock of cognition. However, effective therapy requires a multidisciplinary team and the pharmacist has a role in the search for rational use and treatment effectiveness. In turn, there is a need for public policies that assist in the care of the AD patient, the routine overloads caregivers, who are almost always a family member.