Repercussão da mastectomia na vida da mulher: esferas pessoal, familiar e social.

Abstract

Mastectomy is one of the treatments used to combat breast cancer. It can be of three types: simple, modified and radical, depending on the type and size of the tumor, the rate of spread of cancer cells and the general condition of the patient. The objective of the study was to describe the perception of the woman about the repercussion of the mastectomy in her life. It is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach that was developed with ten women who underwent mastectomy and participated in the support group Amigos do Peito of Cajazeiras. Data collection was done in March 2017 through a recorded interview guided by a semi- structured form. The data of the objective questions were analyzed statistically and represented in table, and those of the subjective data analyzed according to the method of Laurence Bardin, being later confronted with the pertinent literature. This research fulfilled all the requirements of Resolution No. 466/12, ensuring the participants secrecy of the data collected and knowledge of all aspects of the research. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under opinion No. 1,966,598. It was verified that the majority of the participants are in the age group between 60 and 69 years of age, living in the urban area, marital status in the process of the illness was married and currently single, with an average of 3 children, which consider thenselves brown color/race, family income between 1 to 3 minimum wages, and the schooling level is of complete higher education. Four categories were extracted: Category 1 - Discovery of breast cancer; Category 2 - Feelings referred by mastectomized women; Category 3- The mastectomized woman, family and society; Category 4- Help from the support group. It was remarkable that one of the main repercussions is the prejudice that happens from the mastectomized woman with herself, from the family and from the society in the face of breast cancer and mastectomy, becoming the main difficulty for the reintegration of women in society. Thus, there is a need for the participation of mastectomized women in support groups, since they may find support for coping with their health-disease process. It is verified that to know your body to perform preventive / diagnostic tests is essential for the discovery of breast cancer in a timely manner for its treatment and cure. It can be seen that both negative feelings, namely sadness, fear and insecurity, such as positives, faith, courage and love, are present in the daily life of the mastectomized woman. As for the repercussion of the mastectomy, it is found that more than the physical is the psychological one of the woman that interferes in her daily life, both in the personal and social field, or by (self) prejudice and consequent social exclusion, or by (re-) adaptations In the middle. With this, family and social support become essential, especially for people who have experienced similar situations, reflecting in a positive way the confrontation of women in their health- disease process. The harmful repercussion that the mastectomy causes the woman is visible. This shows the need to approach the issue in society, both by the health team and by the community in general. With this, it is essential that one works with the self-esteem of this woman, so that she may become less fragile and more confident, and be able to resume her role as mother, wife and citizen.