Desastres El Niño-oscilação sul (ENOS) versus sistemas organizacionais - Paraíba/Brasil, Flórida/Estados Unidos da América e Piura/Peru: uma análise comparativa.

Abstract

This work is about the study of the risks to El Nino-South Oscillation (ENSO) disasters versus organisations systems from 1970 to 2000 in three countries of different social, economic, and cultural developments, Brazil, United States of America and Peru. In Brazil the research was developed in the municipalities of Picui, Sume and Sousa, located in the semiarid area of the State of Paraiba. In the United States of America, the study was accomplished in the Alachua County, Florida State and in Peru the research was carried out in the Department of Piura. The work was accomplished from the study of the treatment of the public thing to confront (prevention, emergency, and mitigation) the effects of the events ENSO, like droughts, storms, floods, etc. By means of field, and public and private organizations visits, it was analyzed how the public politics are organized and implemented, and how they are putting in practices and how the society and the several actors participate in this process. The United States of America in case of disasters have strategic plans of actions to accomplish of alert, contingencies and mitigation of the damages, and in case of assistance of the populations, the institutional organizations works orderly and structured way. In the Department of Piura the knowledge of the impacts of the ENSO phenomenon is present in all the levels of the society. The Department of Piura has mitigation plans for ENSO events, however the poverty in the Department put the population in a level of very high vulnerability face to the risk of ENSO disaster. The activities for mitigation the social effects of natural phenomenon like ENSO in the studied areas in the State of Paraiba to give satisfactory results have to take in account the poverty level and the lack of environmental education of the local populations. The prevention, emergency and mitigation of disasters ENSO is not an easy task, because it involves all the levels of the society. It is necessary to have a collective conscience so that the social and economic impacts of a disaster are the minimal possible. However, the education lack many times induces the individual to the ignorance of the menace and of the vulnerability, as well as the coexistence with the risk can do with that the same is not visualized as problem. From there the necessity to develop public polices aiming the sustainable development with the risk reduction, implementing programs for valuation of the life and for ambient education, aiming the disasters' prevention and the valuation of the communal organization, providing the participation of the population in the decision taking, with institutional supervising power on the governmental organizations or not, so they attend the necessities of the local communities.