Estudo da degradação ambiental na bacia do açude Soledade-PB.

Abstract

The drainage basins in Brazil has been the scene of development of societies along the history, in Northeast brazilian they have been periodically devastated by natural disasters and anthropic. Traditionally the man has provoked interventions in these geographic areas for extraction of vegetation, predation and development of productive activities unadapted with little or no vision of sustainability such as, for example: agriculture, cattle breeding, mining, among others, this has results in innumerable disasters with severe effects on water resources. So the administration and management of environmental resources, especially water, seeks the rational, which may only be achieved if we understand that water is influenced by the local soil, climate, geology, geomorphology, vegetation surrounding, for adjacent ecosystems, conditions that prevail in the drainage basin and the man that it the can be the protector agent or destroyer. From this perspective, this work was to study the degradation process practiced along the basin of the reservoir Soledade that situated in the Solitude city in the semiarid Northeast, in mesoregiao Paraiba arid, eastern part of the Borborema Plateau, the basin of the Middle Paraiba. For both the water quality of this water resource was monitored at three sampling points across the physical, chemical and biological characteristics according to standard methods APHA (1995). The methodological process also includes determining of the vulnerabilities and levels of land degradation, the environmental perception of the riverain community, was used for both GIS, digital image analysis, photographs, field-work, questionnaires in the triennium 2008 - 2010. The results showed high values of vulnerabilities, high levels of degradation and the predominance of a simplistic view about the environment. The water analysis demonstrated that the reservoir of the water is degraded by human activities and is incompatible with the uses to which it is destine. So, it is necessary the implantation of management system to control the various degradation processes and educational campaigns (environmental education) based on supporting initiatives that provide structural and cultural changes necessary to strengthen institutions and management of the basin, since this water resource is used in various ways by the local community.