MARINHO, J. C.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1029505875404349; MARINHO, Janaína Constantino.
Abstract:
Biodiesel has emerged as an alternative to petroleum diesel having
favorable characteristics to consumption for be derived from clean and
renewable sources, not possessing responsible compounds for the
greenhouse effect. Biodiesel consists on mixtures of esters obtained by
esterification or transesterification reaction from feedstock with monoalcohol in
the presence of a catalyst obtaining similar characteristics to petroleum diesel.
Much has been researched on heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel
application by that possess the possibility of reuse and allowing the use of
different fat sources. However, this study aimed to use chemically treated clay
materials as catalysts on biodiesel obtaining using soybean oil and cotton by
the transesterification reaction in ethyl route under two reaction systems. The
clay material was pillared and chemically treated with molybdenum oxide by
physical dispersion and were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, X-ray
Dispersive Energy, Electronic Microscopy Scanning, Spectroscopy Dispersive
Energy and Spectroscopy in Infrared region by Fourier Transform. Through
the characterizations results of the clay material, it was found successful in
pillaring because of the clay basal spacing increase in its natural form and
succeeded in metal impregnation on clay structure. The efficiency of catalysts
was evaluated for biodiesel obtaining by converting oil into ester in two
reaction systems (S<\ - Autogenous pressure Batch Reactor and S2 - High
Pressure Batch Reactor). The biodieseis were submitted to viscosity and gas
chromatography analysis. Comparing the biodieseis results there was a
reduction of 30 to 50% in viscosity using chemically modified clay with
molybdenum oxide as a catalyst and conversion of oil into ester in about 50%
according to gas chromatographic analysis. The catalyst that presented the
best result of conversion of oil into ester was the pillared clay impregnated
using the S2 system and soybean oil as feedstock, obtaining a conversion of
54.80% into ethyl ester. This improved performance can be attributed to the
fact that pillared clay has lower particle size and with molybdenum oxide,
present acid sites to favoring the transesterification reaction.