RABELLO, I. P.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389056072805096; RABELLO, Isabel Portela.
Resumo:
May be considered biomaterial any device that interact with the biological
environment, of varied temporality, natural or synthetic, that has the purpose to
inducing a specific biological activity through the treatment, increase or replacement
of any tissue, organ or function in the body. The development of dental implants has
provided incentive for research in this purpose, as well as the reactions that occur in
tissue-implant interface. The implants currently used are basically composed of
titanium, although this material does not attend all the necessary requirements for its
use for that purpose. This research aimed the development and evaluation of Nitinol
alloys in different compositions, subject to the application of superficial laser and
apatite deposition by Biomimetic Method. Three compositions were developed: one
equiatomic, one rich in nickel and the other rich in titanium. The three compositions
were evaluated through four distinct circumstances: polished, laser irradiated,
modified by laser and apatite deposition for biomimetic solution type 0 and modified
by laser and apatite deposition for biomimetic solution type 6. The characterizations
were performed using the cytotoxicity assay, wettability, optical microscopy and
bioactivity. The surface modifications made possible the utilization of three
compositions, that just polished, were impractical for use in living beings, with cell
viability below 50%, also promoting physico-chemical and biological characteristics
more favorable for the proposed use. The alloy that had properties better suited was
rich in titanium with laser application and apatite deposition through SBF type 6.
Therefore, alloys with surface modifications were more appropriate for
osseointegration, due to having greater roughness and contact area, besides the
presence of apatite, which tend to promote more quick adhesion with biomaterial and
bone.