Produção do conhecimento sobre avaliação e tratamento de úlceras do pé diabético: estudo bibliométrico.

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized as a metabolic disorder that leads to the development of acute and chronic complications. In this context, we highlight the diabetic foot ulcers, a major chronic complications of diabetes, with different pathophysiological characteristics, resulting from the combination of sensory-motor neuropathy and chronic peripheral autonomic, deformities and peripheral vascular disease. Objective: To investigate the production of national and international knowledge about evaluation and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, published in the period 2004-2014 in order to promote discussion on the subject. Methodology: This is a bibliometric, descriptive study, conducted in four distinct stages: Crossing the descriptors in the database: Scielo, Bdenf, Pubmed, Scopus and the Virtual Library Lilacs; select articles by inclusion and exclusion criteria, and selected 41 articles; Data collection of articles from a previously designed instrument and organization and bibliometric treatment of the collected records. Results: Analysis of publications allowed us to show that in the last two years has increased the quantity of publications regarding this topic. There was a predominance of studies published in international databases, published in the United States 20 (48,7%), in the journal Diabetes Care 5 (12,1%), by 82 nurses (47,95%), mostly doctors 78 (45,62%), the University of São Paulo 27 (17,11%). Most studies presented quantitative approach 26 (63,41%), performed in the hospital 20 (48,78%) and for the descriptors used by the articles, the one that was evident was wound healing 12 (10,08%). In the category on the assessment of ulcers, could identify the seven studies analyzed main characteristics: measurement of wound exudate, appearance of the wound bed, location, perilesional area, margins and presence of odor. In the second and final category, corresponding treatment options for diabetic foot ulcers, there were 21 different forms of treatment, some recent studies and requiring more confirmations to support its benefits and most with their effects on the proven healing and indicated the several years by the scientific literature. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that the evaluation of ulcers is an important step in treating this type of wounds, being intimately interrelated. It is also perceived the diversity of therapeutic options proposed to promote proper environment and facilitate the process of healing of ulcers. Faced with so much diversity, it is for professionals to choose those that best suit wound expectations by pre-defined criteria. It is worth noting that the nurse's role is the assessment of injury and the determination of therapeutic measures the individual with diabetic ulcers. It is expected that the results achieved through this research, can help the fight against this type of chronic wound and can base other studies, aiming to increase knowledge on this subject, reflecting on the quality of life of individuals with diabetic ulcer.