Úlceras do pé diabético: caracterização e tratamento de pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease of multifactorial complications, among which the Diabetic Foot is characterized by involvement of nerve, joint, vascular, infectious, and in 90% of the cases by neuropathy. The complications of the lower extremities have become an increasingly significant health problem. The lack of care, prevention and treatment adherence result, increasingly, in the growth of the percentage complications of the disease. Methodology: This study is characterized as descriptive, with quantitative approach. Was conducted with patients of "The diabetic foot clinic" of the University Hospital Alcides Carneiro, located in the city of Campina Grande-PB, we interviewed 56 patients, to collect data, we investigated aspects related to socio-demographic data, clinical profile, characterization of the wound and treatment, and used the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing scales (PUSH), Barbara Bates-Jensen and Wound Classification of Wagner. Results: The results of the data has the age group of 67-75 years, with 18 (32.5%) Male 35 (62.5%), married 32 (57.1%), retired 40 (71.4% ), with a family income of a minimum wage 38 (67.8%). Are in the group of nonsmokers and not use alcohol with 53 (94.6%), 40 (71.4%) have relatives with diabetes, time of diagnosis 15 (26.7%) of 14-19 years, 31 (55.3%) with a foot injury of 1 to 10 years, the type 2 DM with 53 (94.6%). The most commonly affected is the region of the plantar fascia, 27 (48.2%) have 12,1-24cm² area; 31 (55.3%), and sensory, 42 (75%) had Grade 1 lesions. Cleaning products in the clinic chlorhexidine 0.2% and 0.9% saline 56 (87.5%), the residence using mild soap 24 (42.8%), the product used in the wound is Essential Fatty Acid ( AGE), with 45 (80.3%). The patients themselves exchanging dressing, 20 (35.7%). Most debridement performed with 43 (76.7%), surgery, 15 (26.7%). As the use of medications, insulin with 35 (62.5%), followed by metformin with 15 (26.7%), losartan 9 (16.1%). Conclusion: The research in question, aimed at contributing to the responsibility of nursing professionals in the knowledge of patients treated in the clinic of a University Hospital, which is extremely important to the critical analysis of the type of treatment available in the public services.