Qualificação profissional dos enfermeiros para a prestação de cuidados paliativos na atenção domiciliar.

Abstract

Palliative Care aims to improve the life quality of patients and their families facing an incurable disease, through early identification, evaluation and relief of pain and other biopsychosocial and spiritual problems. Thus, the adequate professional qualification of the nurse is essential, so that palliative care is provided in an appropriate and satisfactory way. The goal of this study was to evaluate the nurses' perception about their professional qualification for the provision of Palliative Care in Home Care. This is a field study of a descriptive nature and with a qualitative approach carried out with 14 nurses working in primary health care in the urban area of the city of Cajazeiras, paraíba, through a recorded interview guided by a semistructured form. Nursing professionals working in the Primary Health Care of the said municipality for more than six months were established as inclusion criterion, and, as exclusion criterion, professionals who could not be contacted during the period of data collection, which occurred in the months from march to april 2018. The objective data regarding the sociodemographic and professional profile were analyzed quantitatively through the absolute and relative frequencies, arithmetic mean, minimum and maximum values, and standard deviation; and arranged in tables using Microsoft Excel 2013® software and the subjective ones in a categorical and thematic form through Laurence Bardin's Content Analysis. The study respected the ethical precepts arranged in the Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council, approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Campina Grande/Teacher Training Center under opinion nº 2,434,724. Three thematic categories were built: Category 1 - Nurses' knowledge about Palliative Care; Category 2 - Academic training and professional qualification of nurses for the provision of Palliative Care in Home Care; Category 3 - Nurses' perception about their aid in Palliative Care. It was verified that the nurses had a lacking knowledge about this subject, because topics considered relevant to the Palliative Care were not mentioned or were little approached by the interviewees. The expressive majority of the participants stated that they did not have specific discipline on the subject in the institutions where they graduated, and none of them participated in Permanent Health Education on the subject, whose situation reflects negatively on the quality of care, which was fragmented and superficial, even being positively assessed by the subjects participating in the research. Therefore, the need to approach nurses with Palliative Care in their training process is evidenced, favoring the development of skills necessary to provide good quality care.