Conhecimento versus ingestão alimentar adequada em indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2 atendidos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde em um município de pequeno porte do Curimataú Paraibano.

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease of multiple etiology, caused by complete or partial deficiency of insulin produced by the pancreas and / or decrease of their action on the tissues, damaging the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Diabetes is associated with complications in various organs, making necessary the care for blood glucose control and improved quality of life. Thus, among other measures, the adoption of appropriate feeding practices is fundamental to the treatment of disease and requires the patient to have adequate knowledge about this nutritional therapy so you can keep the self-care in diabetes. In this respect, this study aimed to observe the knowledge of diabetic about proper nutrition in diabetes and relate it to everyday eating habits. It is methodologically anchored in a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study performed in 40 diabetic patients assisted by a Basic Health Unit, from the city of Cuité / PB. The data was collected through home visits during the months of October and November 2014, using as data collection instrument a semi-structured questionnaire, which addressed the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and eating habits of the population studied on adequate food in diabetes. The study sample was composed mostly of elderly, female, married, retired, low education and income. The survey results demonstrate inadequate knowledge and incorrect behavior by the majority of the interviewed, compared to the number of daily meals and between meals. Favorable results regarding the proper knowledge and proper feeding practices identified by most participants refer to the above volume of meals and consumption of fruit. In relation to the consumption of vegetables and whole foods, despite the interviewed having the knowledge about the indication of consumption, there was a small percentage of those who consume them. Regarding the consumption of sugars, sweets, other foods high in sugar and animal fat, the majority of respondents know that these foods should be restricted, although the behaviors relating to these aspects of diet have been shown to be unsatisfactory. Knowledge about the diet food indication in diabetes was shown to be deficient and a low frequency was observed in their consumption by most diabetics. Given the above, it can be concluded that the study allowed a contribution of information that will be used as subsidy for the promotion of knowledge and encouragement to an aliment practice adequate to this population.