Propriedades físicas e químicas do solo submetido à aplicação de efluente e matéria orgânica.

Abstract

Because of the water scarcity in the arid and semi-arid regions, the use of wastewater arises as an alternative to agriculture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and chemical effects on the soil resulting from the application of domestic effluent from septic tank and bovine manure. The experiment was executed in lysimeters installed in an area inside the Center of Sciences and Agrifood Technology (CSAT/ UFCG) located in the Campus of Pombal - PB in natural environment, from June to August of 2016. The experimental design was the completely randomized design (CRD), with eight treatments and three replications. The experimental design was the completely randomized design (CRD), with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments were as follows: T1 (100% of the organic matter and 100% of the supply water); T2 (100% of the effluent); T3 (100% organic matter and 100% effluent) and T4 (25% organic matter, 25% effluent and 75% supply water); T5 (50% organic matter, 50% effluent and 50% supply water); T6 (75% of the organic matter, 75% of the effluent and 25% of the supply water); (25% of the organic matter, 75% of the effluent and 25% of the supply water) and T8 (75% of the organic matter, 25% of the effluent and 75% of the supply water). The variables analyzed were: texture, apparent density of the soil, particle density, total porosity, moisture, hydrogen ionic potential (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sodium At). It was concluded that the use of effluent from septic tank and organic matter promoted changes in soil density, total porosity and did not affect the density of particles. There were increases in pH and EC values in the soil saturation extract; Potassium and sodium. While nitrogen and phosphorus decreased. Soil fertility at the end of the experiment was affected by the reduction of organic matter in the soil. The use of 75% of organic matter with 75% of effluent and 25% of supply water was the most recommended due to the lower risks of soil degradation.