Prevalência dos fatores de risco associados ao Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Lavras da Mangabeira- CE.

Abstract

The type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic disease that is often associated with damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, heart and blood vessels. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of risk factors and complications associated to DM2 in patients enrolled in Basic Health Unit Headquarter II in the municipality of Lavras da Mangabeira - CE and assess the emotional impact of the disease and of the treatment on quality of life of these patients. This is a cross-sectional study, descriptive with quantitative approach. The research was conducted with 91 diabetics. Data were collected through a previously elaborated questionnaire by researchers, by a already validated scale: Problems Areas in Diabetes Scale - (PAID) and also by the HIPERDIA data. The results showed in relation to socioeconomic data that among those interviewed the most prevalent age group was 60-79 years (60.43%) ranging between 33 and 92 years, with an average of 67 years (+ 12,5 DP). The sample was composed mostly (73.62%) for women, 30.76% are illiterate, 81.31% are retired and 87.91% have a monthly per capita income estimated at 1 to 3 minimum wages. Among the risk factors we noted that most (71.42%) of diabetics presents family history of DM2, 48.35% do not consume fruits and vegetables, sedentary living habits are present at 82.41% of cases, 15.38% are smokers, Hyperglycemia was detected in 85.7%, overweight and obesity are present in 56.04% and 23.07% respectively, 72.52% presented central adiposity, 65.93% are hypertensive and 34.06% are carriers of diabetes for more than 10 years. Preexisting complications in respondents were: 19.78% retinopathy, AVE in 9.89%, diabetic neuropathy (6.59%), IAM in (5.49%) and nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome at 5.49%. The PAID scale revealed that 41.75% of respondents exhibit high levels of emotional distress associated with the routine of living with diabetes. This study showed high incidence of concomitant risk factors to DM2 and the presence of several preexisting complications in diabetics.