Soroconversão pós-vacinal contra hepatite B em acadêmicos de enfermagem.

Abstract

Hepatitis B is considered the most important infectious occupational disease among health professionals. The active immunization through vaccination is considered the greatest impact measure against the disease by governmental health organs. However, about 10% of those who get the vaccine do not achieve protective titles of antibodies, signaling the need for verification of the serological state for certification of immunity. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the vaccination and serological status of nursing students, determining the prevalence of seroconversion of those completing or not the vaccination course. It is an epidemiological, analytical study with a quantitative approach, conducted with 22 academics from the Federal University of Campina Grande. We analyzed the variables: sex, age, course period and vaccination history. The Anti-HBs serology was performed by the electrochemiluminescence method. Individuals whose results presented were equal to or greater than 10UI/L were considered immune. The data were tabulated and analyzed using the statistical program SPSS, version 22.0, and presented as frequencies and percentages. The results were grouped into 3 categories: 1. Nursing students participating, 2. Risk behavior and vulnerability and 3 vaccine and immune status. In category 1, the average age of the participants was 20.3 years old (DP2,5), the majority were female (90.9%), single (86.4%) and were enrolled in the third semester of the course (54.5%). In category 2, only one student (4.5%) reported having had an accident with biological material and at the time no action was taken, for being with complete vaccination; one (4.5%) reported having received blood transfusion and two (9.1%) reported having tattoos / piercings. In category 3, a student (4.5%) proved to have received only one dose of vaccine, nine (40.9%) received two doses and twelve (54.5%) completed the vaccination schedule. Twenty participants (90.9 %) answered they had never performed serology, and of these, twelve (54.5%) declared to ignore it. Only two participants (9.1%) did not achieve protective titration. Although the prevalence of non seroconversion checked is low and that even with vaccination schedule incomplete, the prevalence of seroconversion has been high, we can perceive the need that the University require full vaccine evidence and its anti-HBs serology of nursing students before they begin the curricular practices that will leave them more vulnerable to acquiring the virus hepatitis B.