Desenvolvimento reflexo e somático da prole de ratas Wistar alimentadas com dietas contendo óleo de avestruz durante o período de gestação e lactação.

Abstract

Ostrich oil is a source of polyunsaturated essential fatty acids which are extracted from the animal fat, located in the abdominal region of the ostrich. These fatty acids are known in the literature by the ability to act in different physiological and metabolic processes, and are important in infant nutrition, the intrauterine phase and the first years of life, brain development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of reflex ontogeny and somatic in rats whose mothers were fed during gestation and lactation diets containing the ostrich oil. The animals were divided into three groups: control (C - 7 % soybean oil), Normal lipids group (AN -7% ostrich oil) and hyper lipids Group (AH -14% soybean oil). Were recorded daily weight of neonates. For the evaluation of the development of neonates evaluated the following reflections: Disappearance of Hold Grasp (DPP) and appearances of the following responses: Postural Recovery Decubitus (RPD), Vibrissae placing (CPV). Cliff Avoidance (AVP), Negative Geotaxis (GN), Free-fall Righting (RDQL) and response to Scare (RS). The maximum observation time was 10 seconds, for the first 21 days of life. The somatic measured parameters were: Pinna Opening (APA), Opening of the Auditory Canal (ACA), Eruption of Superior Incisors (EIS) and inferior incisors (EII), Opening of the Eyes (AO), Appearance of Epidermal Pelage (EPA) and Length of Tail (CC). The results in the ontogeny of the reflex responses of infants rats AN relate to C showed that there was anticipation in the DPP, however it consisted be delayed RPD and RS (p <0.001). When comparing the AH group to AN we observed acceleration in the RPD, APV and AP (p <0.001). The results also showed that there was acceleration of the DPP, APV and GN in AH group as compared to C. With regard to somatic maturation indicators, there was a delay of indicators, ACA, AO, EPE, EIS and EII the AN group compared to the C (p <0.001). When compared the AH group compared to C, there was also delay in EII and EIS parameters (p <0.001). Regarding the body weight of newborns AH group, they showed a significant reduction in body growth, 70, 140 and 210 days of life when compared to group C. The weights of the HA group showed a significant reduction when compared respectively to the NA at 140 and 210 day of life (P <0.001). Regarding the size of the length of lactating rats tail, the AH group when compared to the AN group presented greater length at 10 days of life, however, in 210 days found a significant reduction of this parameter. AH also presented tail smaller size when compared to C, at 140 and 210 days, respectively (p <0.001). Regarding the body weight of newborns AH group, they showed a significant reduction in body growth, at 70, 140 and 210 days of life when compared to group C. The weights of the AH group presentaram significant reduction when compared respectively to the AN, at 140 and 210 day of life (P <0.001). Regarding the size of the length of the tail of lactating rats, the AH group as compared to the AN group showed greater length in the 10 day of life, Regarding the size of the length of the tail of lactating rats, the AH group as compared to the AN group showed greater length in the 10th day of life, however, was found in 210 days a significant decrease in this parameter. AH also presented tail smaller size when compared to C, at 140 and 210 days, respectively (p <0.001). From these results, we can see the effectiveness of Ostrich oil during the pregnancy and lactation compared to the reflections of the acceleration parameters.