Avaliação produtiva, reprodutiva e econômica de caprinos leiteiros no semiárido.

Abstract

The small rural properties of the semiarid, exploited by family agriculture, are characterized by diversification in production and are presented as sustainable enterprises. We will add to this the assumption that the main vocation of the semi-arid region is cattle raising, with milk goat activity as one of the best that can respond to economic exploitation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance and economic efficiency of dairy goat genotypes in the semiarid region, as well as data on total milk production and partial production of goats. For this, the productive and reproductive data of 81 goats of the Anglo Nubiana and crossbred Alpine genetic groups were analyzed. The research was carried out at the Experiment Station Pendência (EEP), belonging to EMEPA. The productive variables were total milk production (LTP), partial milk production (PL56), average daily milk production (LWP), and duration of lactation (DL). The reproductive variables were the fertility, prolificacy, gestation period, number of abortions, weight, and birth weight. The economic results were estimated: gross income (RB); effective operating cost (EOC); total operating cost (TCO); total cost (TC); gross margin (MB = RB-COE); net margin (ML = RB-COT); total profit (LT = RB-CT); invested capital (CI); return on capital (RC = LT / CI); profitability of the activity (RA = MB / COE); net margin per month / hectare (ML = RB-COE / Area); (ML = RB - COT / production matrix) and net margin per month / total matrices (ML = RB-CT / Total goats). The herd presented a variation of the total milk production in lactation (LTP) from 267.40 kg to 468.55 kg, with lactation durations varying from 157 and 247 days, and average daily production between 1.43 and 1.89 kg /day. Herd fertility rates met a satisfactory expectation, with the lowest rate being 76% and the highest of 92%, with an average of 85.24%. The means of the gestation periods varied between 144 and 152 days. Comparing the gross margins of the periods. In the first, it was negative at R $ 5,582.27. In the second period, gross margin was positive at R $ 2,266.40. This results in a difference of R $ 7,848.67 in just one year. Evaluations of dairy goat activity in a small production unit are possible to be carried out by family farmers from the northeastern semi-arid region, and food, productive and reproductive management should be properly adjusted. The periods of parity, lactation and genotype directly influenced the productive and reproductive indexes of the animals.