A política para além das possibilidades da democracia liberal: reafirmação do programa neoliberal e o desamparo político das massas.

Abstract

This work starts from the premise that liberal democracy, with its arrangements, its representativeness and its institutional dynamics is an instrument of reproduction of the neoliberal economic program. From this, we seek to articulate an idea of politics beyond the possibilities of liberal democracy. We will deal with the phenomenon of the reaffirmation of neoliberalism after the capitalist crisis of 2008, and its unfolding within the framework of liberal democracy, with the rise of the political right in Latin America, and the even more incisive approval of neoliberal measures. , such as fiscal adjustments and precarious labor relations. Street protests, mass demonstration events contrary to exclusionary democratic forms and hegemonic capitalism and practices of subjective violence as political acts are debated in this research, from thinkers like Slavoj Zizek, trying to see if they express the idea contained in the thought of Vladimir Safatle, of whom the central political affect of today is helplessness. We use the notion, present in the work of philosopher Alain Badiou, that politics is essentially the realization of the impossible. That, in this sense, what arises is the need to overcome the individual dimension and the affirmation of the collectivity for emancipatory political actions. Together with this notion, we seek to develop that liberal-democratic institutional arrangements empty the effective possibilities of political participation, and that the practices of democratic representation are unrelated to what, properly, becomes political. It requires, then, that we understand politics as something that is beyond the institutionality posed. To work on the reaffirmation of neoliberalism after the capitalist crisis of 2008, we refer to the understandings of Perry Anderson and Friedrich Hayek. Inevitably, the present work constitutes an attempt to critically elaborate liberal political theory, whose authors are authors such as Norberto Bobbio, Joseph Schumpeter and Robert Dahl, as well as critically elaborate key themes of this theory: instrumental rationality, minimal democracy and elitism. At the end - so that we can present a space cut - we will discuss the phenomenon of the reaffirmation of neoliberalism through the liberal-democratic instruments in Brazil, dealing with the June 2013 days, the parliamentary coup against Dilma Rousseff's government, the acting “Operação Lava-Jato” and the election of ultra-right-wing Jair Bolsonaro. The previous events, from the perspective adopted in this paper, did not occur in isolation and jointly express the orchestrated actions of hegemonic global capitalism following its organic crisis and the unfolding of the liberal-democratic consensus in the country.