Exames laboratoriais de triagem da coagulação solicitados para pacientes no pré-operatório: uma revisão bibliográfica.

Abstract

In the preoperative evaluation, laboratory tests may establish or confirm the patient's clinical condition, discover unapparent conditions, identify causes that may increase surgical risk thus preventing possible complications and assist in planning for the anesthetic care. Laboratory evaluation of patients with hemorrhagic manifestation begins by screening tests detecting changes in primary hemostasis as much of coagulation cascade. To check this is done routinely coagulation studies, screening examination comprising: clotting time (CT), bleeding time (BT), lace overlay (PL), clot retraction (CR), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and platelet review. The present study aimed to perform a literature review in order to identify laboratory tests that assess the clotting of patients preoperatively as well as their importance and possibility of abnormal results were indicative of bleeding and/or surgical complications. During the review were found through the databases of sites as SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and other literature related, articles, mostly recommend the request of coagulation tests only for patients with a positive history of bleeding disorder since there is not an established clinical protocol for your prescription. The Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests are most often requests for evaluation of coagulation. The changes found in these tests are indicative of the likely presence of asymptomatic disturbances. They should therefore be used to carry the necessary corrections in order to promote the hemostatic balance during surgery.