Indústria incentivada no Nordeste brasileiro: considerações sobre alguns impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais.

Abstract

This work intends to make a brief diagnostic on some economical, social and environmental impacts caused by SUDENE industrialization in the northeast of Brazil, in the period of 1970 and 1990. We intended to trace the profile of the companies installed in that region via institutional incentives, especially, the segments of intermediate properties - with particular emphasis to chemistry industries, metallurgy, non-metallic minerals, electric materials, communications and paper, in fact, those segments were extremely pleased by those kinds of incentives - in order to evaluate the changes occurred in the productive structure of northeast economy and the impact of those changes in socioeconomic regional structure, mainly, concerned the urbanization matters and social and environmental dimensions. First, we reviewed the literature that treats on austerity in the northeast matters and a detailed analysis of secondary data compiled by SUDENE in the period of the study. We realized, thus, that during this period, the northeast economy passed through a set of very significant changes in its productive basis, essentially, concerning its industrial increase that provided an exponential development of the product per inhabitant. Furthermore, we realized a radical change in social relations of production and work. However, we could perceive that this industrialization pattern implanted in the northeast of Brazil, far from what was aimed by State actions is merely an extension of the industrialization paradigm that expended rapidly in the southeast of the country, pursuing occupations of places and new spaces to accumulate capital granted by local advantages. Thus, the new industrialization, in local and spatial way, occurred in a concentrated way, in which, concurred directly to an increase of income to accelerate the progress of urbanization in the region. In fact, this extraordinary economical development verified in the period have not improved better life conditions for regional population. Furthermore, the most privileged industrial segments by government incentives, especially in chemistry, metallurgy, and non-metallic industries, have not created jobs in a satisfactory level and establish concerns related to environmental problems, considering that, the material used intensively in technology and electrical energy, in non-renewable and natural resources and, consequently, more polluters in the environment and, industrially, more dirty.