Adubação com nitrogênio e fósforo em crambe na região oeste do Paraná.

Abstract

Among the species that are being studied for the production of biodiesel, camber (Crambe abyssinica) seems to be a promising vegetable. It has low cost of planting, high content of oil and easy process of oil extraction, besides being an alternative for the system of crop rotation. Cambre is a species not well known in the West of Paraná, thus various studies about its management need to be done. By the need of information for the increased cultivation of this species, this study aims to evaluate the influence of doses of fertilizer and sowing dates on the development of cambre. This study was conducted by field experiments on a land in Serranópolis do Iguaçu, Paraná. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in the factorial 5 x 5, the first factor being constituted of five doses of nitrogen (0; 30; 60; 90; 120 kg ha-1) and the second of five doses of phosphorus (0; 50; 75; 100; 125 kg ha-1), with three repetitions and two sowing dates (May and July). The parameters evaluated were plant height, number of ramifications per plant, number of siliques per plant, productivity, mass of 1000 grains, plant dry mass, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), leaf tissue, content of N, protein and lipids in cambre grains. Data underwent ANOVA (F test) and the averages were using Statistical Analysis Program (SISVAR). Based on the discussion of results, we concluded that the plantation done in May with the increased doses of nitrogen made a difference in the plants growth, ramification, dry mass, number of siliques per plant, content of leaf nitrogen and potassium, but in productivity there was an increase by the dose of 60 kg ha-1 and the mass of 1000 grains was significantly reduced. In the phosphate fertilization there was an increase in the height of plants of approximately 60 kg ha-1, from this treatment there was an inverse correlation, there was also an increase in the leaf potassium and phosphorus. However the content of protein and nitrogen in cambre were not influenced by fertilization. In the plantation of July, we concluded that with the increase of nitrogen fertilization there was an increase in the number of ramifications, dry mass, number of siliques per plant and in leaf potassium, however in the phosphorus fertilization, according to the increase in concentration, there was an increase in the height of plants, in the number of ramifications, number of siliques per cambre plants. But the mass of 1000 grains, the productivity, lipid, nitrogen and protein levels in the grain were not influenced by fertilization. We may also conclude that the planting of cambre in May is more indicated for the West of Paraná than in July, which is not recommended.