Conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre a prevenção de úlcera por pressão em um centro de terapia intensiva.

Abstract

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a complex sector where patients require intensive, humane and qualified care. Thus, the nurse as an active professional should provide the patient with preventive measures that may inhibit the development of Pressure Ulcers. The Pressure Ulcers (PU) can be defined as a localized lesion affecting the skin and/or underlying tissues, usually over a bony prominence, resulted of pressure, or pressure associated with shear or friction. Objective: Investigate the knowledge of nurses about preventive measures for Pressure Ulcer at an Intensive Care Unit of a reference hospital from Campina Grande – Paraíba; identify the profile of active nurses at an Intensive Care Unit in a reference hospital from Campina Grande – Paraíba; relate preventive measures for pressure ulcer used by nurses at an Intensive Care Unit in a reference hospital from Campina Grande – Paraíba, and cite the major contributing risk factors for the development of pressure ulcers at an Intensive Care Unit in a reference hospital from Campina Grande – Paraíba. Methodology: This is a quantitative exploratory research whose population is equal to the sample. The survey was conducted at an ICU of Hospital UniversitárioAlcidesCarneiro (HUAC), located in Campina Grande, PB. Eight nurses that work at the ICU participated in the survey. The instrument used for data collection consisted of a semistructured questionnaire constituted of two parts. The first one regards to the sociodemographic characteristics and the second one consists of twenty direct questions with response “True”, “False” and “I do not know” on the knowledge of nurses about Pressure Ulcer. For this survey to be satisfactory nurses have to make a score of 80%. The data collecting was conducted in February 2014 after approval by Comitê de ÉticaemPesquisaof HUAC with CAAE Nº 22304113.0.0000.5182. Analysis and Results: From 8 nurses, 05 (62.5%) are female and only 03 (37.5%) are male. In relation to age, 03 (37.5%) nurses were younger than 30 years, 02 (25%) aged between 31 and 35 years, and the same percentage of 01 (12.5%) nurse for the following age groups: 36 to 40 years old, 41 to 45 years old and above 45 years old. The most of the nurses, i.e. 06 (75%) , which present training time between 05 to 10 years; 05 (62.5%) showed the same training time between 05 to 10 years. All nurses, i.e. 08 (100%), are experts, 03 (37.5%) have Master degree and none of them have Doctorate degree. The applied knowledge of nurses related to Assessment, Prevention, Risk Factors and Nursing Actions about Pressure Ulcer, was admirable, because the interviewed nurses achieved an overall average of 82.5% of correct answers, with Standard Deviation (sd= 3.78%). Therefore, considering 80% of correct answers, the survey was satisfactory and objectives were achieved. Final Considerations: This, the results obtained in this research can help identify the major deficiencies in the knowledge of nurses about prevention of pressure ulcers at the ICU, and as a consequence, guide, in this context, means and strategies that will increasingly innovate necessary preventive measures for the patients who are debilitated, requiring significant care for their comfort, prioritizing the humanization and providing quality care at ICU.