Resiliência socioecológica com foco às formas de acesso e utilização dos recursos hídricos: uma proposta de framework e aplicação no município de Campina Grande-Pb.

Abstract

This work brings discussions inherent to urban constructions in one of its most comprehensive ways called urban expansion and the ways of access and use of water resources, a phenomenon that is inserted within the field of urbanization and has caused transformations in urban space. These changes surround the social and economic problems, leading to disruption to the natural environment, thus formulating a history of socio-environmental vulnerabilities for the urban environment and, consequently, less urban socio-ecological resilience. In this context, this study aims to analyze the capacity urban socioecological resilience (CUSR) of the population of Campina Grande - PB, in a situation of the lower level of urban socioecological resilience due to the process of urban expansion with a focus on access and forms of use of water resources. In this context, the research sought to propose a framework for the calculation and analysis of urban socio-ecological resilience (USR) that takes into account the urbanistic readings of the place and the various local realities. For its development, the fifty neighborhoods of the city of Campina Grande were used as the object of study. As a methodological proposal for the study, three languages were used - quantitative, cartographic and qualitative - to better express and communicate all information and data. As a base of theoretical reference, authors such as Holling (1973), Adger (2000), among others, were used to choose the indicators, from which thirty-nine indicators were chosen referring to economic, social and environmental issues under the access angle and water use. The indicators were validated through conversations with the executive manager of CAGEPA Campina Grande and with water resources technicians from AESA. The research translates as qualitative-quantitative in a reflexive approach. The methodology used is descriptive and exploratory, which consists of gathering the largest number of detailed information appropriating different research techniques in order to apprehend situations and describe the complexity of a fact. For qualitative analysis, content analysis was adopted (PÊCHEUX, 2008). This evaluation system allows us to evaluate the socioecological resilience conditions in urban water scarcity and the fragility of urban ecosystems, demonstrating that the socioecological resilience of the population of Campina Grande is a result of the spatial distribution and distribution of basic urban services and such as water and sanitation and the quantity of rainfall, which provides good water conditions of demand, availability, and potential of water resources.